XP Power Limited (XPP) — Investment Research Note
Executive summary
XP Power designs and manufactures power-conversion controllers sold into Semiconductor Manufacturing Equipment (~37%), Industrial Technology (~38%) and Healthcare (~25%) OEMs, with multi-year designed-in revenue annuities. Over the period covered, the business has moved from a 2023 funding crisis (1,150p emergency placing, suspended dividend, breached covenant headroom) through a destocking trough in 2024-25 to a clear cyclical inflection — Q1 2026 order intake of £79.1m was up 48% in constant currency and book-to-bill jumped to 1.53x 2026-04-23 Q1 trading update. The single most important valuation point today is that the shares already discount a recovery: at ~1,752p the stock trades on ~78x trailing 2025 adjusted EPS of 22.5p, so the bull case depends on a robust WFE upcycle in 2026-27 returning operating profit toward the £40m+ peaks of 2021-22, not the current £17.3m run-rate.
Fair value estimate
- Methodology: mid-cycle earnings multiple cross-checked against a recovery EV/EBITDA.
- Key assumptions: mid-cycle revenue £275-300m (between 2025 trough £230m and 2022 peak ~£292m); mid-cycle gross margin 44-46% (consistent with H2 2025 43.9% and stated "mid-40s" target 2026-03-03 FY 2025); mid-cycle adjusted operating margin 12-14%; ~£3-5m net interest post-deleveraging; 25% normalised tax (vs 34.7% in 2025); 28.0m shares.
- Output: mid-cycle adjusted EPS of ~75-100p. Applying 16-20x (industrial WFE-exposed quality multiple) gives 1,500 – 1,900p per share, or a market-cap range of ~£420m – £535m.
- Mid-point: ~1,700p, implying ~£476m market cap.
- Vs latest £491.1m: broadly fair, with the mid implying a ~3% downside; the range spans ~14% downside to ~9% upside.
Sector context
ICB Industrial Goods and Services is correct, but the bulk of the equity story now rests on the Semiconductor Manufacturing Equipment value chain — XP is a critical-component supplier to WFE OEMs whose own demand is driven by AI compute capacity build 2026-03-03 FY 2025. Quality is broadly in line with sector peers: similar capital-light, designed-in model, somewhat higher cyclicality than typical industrials due to the WFE skew, balance sheet now in line after 2023/2025 deleveraging. Closest listed comparables: discoverIE Group (DSCV), XPEL/Spectris (SXS) at a wider level, and US-listed Advanced Energy Industries (AEIS) which is a more direct read-across for WFE power.
Investment thesis (3 bullets)
- Direct, demonstrable AI WFE pull-through is now visible in orders. Q1 2026 order intake of £79.1m was 48% above prior year in constant currency, with "particularly strong demand from Semiconductor Manufacturing Equipment" and a book-to-bill of 1.53x 2026-04-23 Q1 trading update. Management cites HPC/AI as the structural demand driver 2026-03-03 FY 2025.
- Operating-leverage spring is loaded. Adjusted gross margin already lifted from 41.0% (2024) to 41.4% in H1 25 and 43.9% in H2 25, with mid-40s targeted as utilisation recovers; the new Malaysia plant is complete and ready to absorb volume without further fixed-cost build 2026-03-03 FY 2025.
- Self-help and balance-sheet repair are largely done. Net debt fell from £93.5m to £41.5m in 2025 (1.2x leverage, vs 3.5x covenant), the China plant is closed, the loss-making RF business is being run off, and the RCF was refinanced/extended to 2028/2030 2026-03-03 FY 2025. The platform is now positioned to convert order-book strength into earnings without further dilution.
Key risks (3 bullets)
- Comet legal case overhang. £11.7m bond posted in 2025, plaintiff's fees + interest already ruled against the Group, appeal heard September 2025 but no verdict at FY date; cumulative cash and P&L impact is material and binary 2026-03-03 FY 2025.
- Customer/sector concentration. A single semiconductor customer was £48.6m of 2025 revenue (~21%), and a sustained downturn or share loss with one of a small set of WFE OEMs would meaningfully impair earnings recovery 2026-03-03 FY 2025, Note 2.
- Persistent adjusting-item drag and high effective tax rate. Adjusted vs reported operating profit gap was £16.6m in 2025, with restructuring, RF exit, and China closure all "non-recurring"; 2025 adjusted ETR was 34.7%, and reported earnings have been loss-making for two consecutive years 2026-03-03 FY 2025.
Operating leverage
XP runs a fixed manufacturing footprint (Vietnam, Malaysia (now complete), North America, Germany) producing ~80% of revenues in-house 2026-03-03 FY 2025, risk section. Roughly 58% of revenue is cost of sales at current scale and gross margin is climbing back toward the mid-40s; a £10-20% revenue beat against current £230m would carry a heavily fixed cost base. Concretely: 2024-vs-2025 saw a £17m revenue decline (-7%) but adjusted operating profit fell £7.8m, implying a ~45% incremental contribution margin on the way down. Reading that in reverse, a £30-50m revenue uplift in 2026-27 (consistent with the Q1 order book) would plausibly add £13-22m to adjusted operating profit — i.e. potentially doubling 2025's £17.3m. The Malaysia plant is now spare capacity, and central overhead of c.£16m doesn't scale with revenue 2026-03-03 FY 2025, Note 2. This is a textbook capacity-constrained industrial with real long-tail leverage if AI WFE capex runs hot.
Value-trap signals
- Repeated dilutive equity issuance (2023 £44m placing at 1,150p, 2025 £39.6m placing) — shareholder count is up ~42% since 2022, diluting per-share recovery.
- Dividend suspended since 2023 with no restart signalled until leverage hits 0-1x.
- Two consecutive years of reported losses despite adjusted profit, with chunky annual "non-recurring" items that keep recurring.
- 23.9% of votes against the remuneration report at the April 2026 AGM — a governance amber flag 2026-04-23 AGM result.
- Unresolved Comet litigation with material cash bond already posted.
Earnings vs. expectations
Guidance through the period has been delivered but at progressively reset levels. 2023's October trading update was a profit warning that triggered the emergency placing. 2024 results came in roughly in line with the post-warning reset. The January 2026 trading update confirmed 2025 "in line" with consensus £17.3m adjusted operating profit / 21.4p adjusted EPS — and final 2025 results delivered £17.3m / 22.5p, a small EPS beat 2026-01-19 trading update, 2026-03-03 FY 2025. Pattern: one major miss (2023), then a series of in-line-to-marginal-beats off reduced expectations, with order intake now visibly inflecting ahead of guided 2026.
Conviction
Conviction: 3 / moderate. Anchors: clean, audited disclosure with explicit reconciliation of adjusted-to-reported metrics; a stable business model with multi-year designed-in revenue; a clear, recent (Q1 2026) leading indicator of demand. Caveats: fair value is highly sensitive to the assumed mid-cycle earnings level — the trough is fresh, peak earnings are ~3 years old and a different share count, and the Comet legal liability is unquantified. A reasonable analyst could justify 1,300p or 2,000p depending on how aggressively they extrapolate the Q1 order book.