I'll analyze the B90 filings and produce the research note now.
B90 Holdings PLC (AIM: B90) — Research Note
Executive summary
B90 is a micro-cap AIM-listed performance marketing / affiliate business serving iGaming operators, generating revenue via PPC (Google-driven) player acquisition and owned media (Oddsen.nu, Bet90.com relaunched as an affiliate site). Following a 2023-24 pivot away from B2C gambling to a lean B2B affiliate model, revenue more than doubled to €7.2m in FY2025 and the group returned to profitability (PAT €0.4m; EBITDA €1.1m). The single most important issue for valuation today is the auditor's material uncertainty on going concern — a €0.6m legacy creditor could demand repayment at short notice against €1.0m of cash — which limits how much credit the market can give the accelerating growth trajectory.
Fair value estimate
- Fair value range: 1.8p – 3.0p per share, implying market cap of £7.9m – £13.2m (mid ~£10.5m).
- Methodology: EV/EBITDA multiple on FY25 EBITDA of €1.1m (~£0.94m), sanity-checked against FY26 run-rate. I apply 7-9x to €1.1m EBITDA + net cash of €0.4m (cash €1.0m less €0.6m legacy liability), and layer in modest credit for the visible H1-26 revenue beat.
- Even crediting a plausible €1.5-2.0m FY26 EBITDA at 8x, equity value only reaches £11-14m.
- Current market cap £14.5m → downside of ~28% to mid-point (fair value 2.4p vs. 3.10p spot).
- View: fair-to-slightly-overvalued. The market is already crediting continued growth, but the going-concern flag and dilution overhang argue for a discount rather than a re-rating premium.
Sector context
- Confirmed sector: Consumer Discretionary — Travel & Leisure (iGaming affiliate marketing).
- B90's quality profile is below typical peers: much smaller scale, going-concern qualification, single-vertical exposure, and no independent gaming licence exposure but heavy dependency on Google PPC and search algorithms.
- Listed comparables: Gambling.com Group (NASDAQ: GAMB), Better Collective (STO: BETCO), XLMedia (AIM: XLM). All are materially larger and more diversified.
Investment thesis
- Revenue doubled and back to profitability — FY25 revenue €7.2m (2024: €3.5m), EBITDA up 66% to €1.1m, PAT €0.4m vs prior-year loss of €1.7m 2026-05 Final Results. Growth continued into H1-26 with revenue ahead of management expectations 2026-08 Trading Update.
- Capital-light B2B affiliate model with meaningful operating leverage on fixed costs — salaries only rose from €1.59m to €1.71m while revenue doubled, and the Group has embedded AI/automation in campaign management 2026-05 CFO Review; 2025-09 Interim.
- 2026 World Cup tailwind and demonstrated ability to scale via a partner network of 200+ operators including Bet365 and Stake.com 2026-02 Trading Update.
Key risks
- Material going-concern uncertainty — €0.6m legacy creditor may seek repayment at short notice against €1.0m cash; auditors flagged material uncertainty in the 2025 audit report 2026-05 Final Results, Auditor's Report.
- Regulatory, Google algorithm and VIP concentration risk — top 5% of players ("VIP Players") generate a large share of commission revenue; search algorithm changes can materially reduce traffic 2026-05 Directors' Report, Principal Risks.
- Persistent dilution and option overhang — 56.7m options outstanding (~12.8% of shares) with new 22m grant at 3p in June 2025; recurring share-based compensation and periodic equity raises have diluted shareholders 2026-05 Note 17.
Operating leverage
The cost base is a mix. Fixed costs (salary €1.71m + other admin €1.08m ≈ €2.8m in FY25) are broadly stable regardless of revenue — H1-25 showed salaries essentially flat vs H1-24 despite revenue up 75%. However, marketing and selling expense is highly variable, rising from €0.75m in FY24 to €3.44m in FY25 as management aggressively reinvested. This dampens leverage: while the €3.7m incremental revenue turned into only €0.44m incremental EBITDA (~12% incremental contribution), that is because management is deliberately investing marketing spend to compound growth rather than let it drop through. In an unchanged-marketing-spend scenario, a 10-20% revenue upside would drop through much more materially. The H1-26 update makes the trade-off explicit: revenue is ahead of plan but "EBITDA will remain comparable" because incremental gross margin is being redeployed into AI platform and marketing 2026-08 Trading Update. Genuine operating leverage exists on the salary and central overhead base, but the affiliate model does not deliver software-like drop-through until management chooses to stop reinvesting.
Value-trap signals
- Auditor emphasis of matter on going concern (repeated across 2023, 2024 and 2025 audits, though the 2025 wording is milder).
- €0.6m unresolved legacy creditor with uncertain timing that "could" be repayable on demand.
- Chronic dilution: options + past equity raises have taken share count from ~282m (2022) to 441m (2025).
- Small-cap AIM illiquidity; volatile share price (52-week range 1.95p – 4.35p).
- Historic impairments (Spinbookie €1.4m in 2024, Quasar/Bet90 goodwill €1.1m in 2022) show prior capital allocation missteps.
- Auditor emphasis-of-matter on impairment sensitivity: Oddsen.nu and PPC CGU value-in-use tests rely on 2%-25% year-1 growth assumptions.
- Not a terminal-decline industry, but structurally exposed to Google algorithm changes and iGaming regulation.
Earnings vs. expectations
- FY24 (May 2025): Guidance in Feb 2025 was "at least meet" market EBITDA — delivered in line/slightly ahead (positive EBITDA every month, €0.7m FY EBITDA vs €3.3m loss FY23). Met/beat.
- H1-25 (Sept 2025): July 2025 trading update guided "material revenue and EBITDA growth"; delivered revenue +75% and EBITDA +65%, with July/August "record-breaking". Beat.
- FY25 (Feb 2026 → May 2026): Feb 2026 update guided revenue "ahead of market" and EBITDA "in line"; May results confirmed revenue €7.2m (materially higher than €3.5m base) and EBITDA €1.1m. Beat on revenue, met on EBITDA.
- H1-26 (Aug 2026): Revenue ahead of management expectations; EBITDA "comparable to previous year" due to reinvestment. Beat top-line, in line on EBITDA.
Pattern: Consistent beats or meets over the past 18 months, but management is deliberately capping EBITDA expansion by reinvesting — so headline "beats" understate the underlying operating leverage.
Conviction: 3 (moderate)
Anchors: (1) clean, audited financials with two consecutive years of profitable trading; (2) revenue trajectory is unambiguous and repeated in trading updates; (3) primary valuation methodology (EBITDA multiple) is appropriate for a scaled affiliate.
Limits: (1) auditor-flagged material going-concern uncertainty and unresolved €0.6m legacy liability create a bimodal outcome; (2) the AI-receiver framing in management's commentary is largely marketing language rather than a differentiated tech asset — hard to underwrite premium multiples on this basis.